British Sovereignty Protection (Chagos Islands) Bill [HL]: HL Bill 15 of 2026–27

The British Sovereignty Protection (Chagos Islands) Bill [HL] is a private member’s bill sponsored by Lord Weir of Ballyholme (Democratic Unionist Party). The bill would restrict any cession or transfer of sovereignty of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) unless certain requirements were met, including the consent of the Chagossian people and an act of parliament. It would also see the UK remain sovereign over the military base on Diego Garcia.

British Sovereignty Protection (Chagos Islands) Bill [HL]: HL Bill 15 of 2026–27

Armed Forces Bill: HL Bill 36 of 2026–27

The primary purpose of the Armed Forces Bill is to renew the Armed Forces Act 2006, continuing in force the main legislation governing the armed forces for a further five years. However, the government has stated the bill also provides an opportunity to renew the nation’s contract with the armed forces, strengthen national security, improve conditions of service, and introduce a package of measures relating to the service justice system.

Armed Forces Bill: HL Bill 36 of 2026–27

National Security (State Threats) Bill: HL Bill 35 of 2026–27

The National Security (State Threats) Bill would create new powers for the home secretary to designate bodies engaged in state threat activity, equivalent to the proscription of terrorist organisations under the Terrorism Act 2000. The bill would create three new offences associated with designation of supporting, assisting, or receiving material benefit from a designated body. These offences would carry sentences of up to 14 years’ imprisonment.

National Security (State Threats) Bill: HL Bill 35 of 2026–27

  • In Focus

    UK civil preparedness for war: Government strategy

    The UK government strategy is to take a ‘whole-of-society’ approach to national security and to homeland resilience and preparedness. It has pledged to develop a new ‘social contract’ between the government and the British people, beginning with a new national conversation about the threats facing the UK. The government published several strategies in 2025, which set out its approach to strengthening civil preparedness. However, concerns have been expressed about the progress being made on these strategies.

  • In Focus

    The Arctic’s strategic importance

    The Arctic region has become the subject of increased international interest as rising temperatures, shrinking sea ice and expanding maritime access reshape the region’s strategic importance. Its natural resources, emerging shipping routes and its increasing role in military planning have drawn interest from countries including the United States, Russia and China. This briefing outlines views on the current approach of these three countries.

  • Research Briefing

    Diego Garcia Military Base and British Indian Ocean Territory Bill

    The Diego Garcia Military Base and British Indian Ocean Territory Bill would provide for the implementation of the UK-Mauritius agreement on the Chagos archipelago in UK domestic law ahead of the government ratifying the treaty. In particular it would end UK sovereignty over the archipelago and make certain consequential changes to nationality law, while also providing for the continued administration of the existing joint UK-US military base on the island of Diego Garcia.

  • In Focus

    Economic effects of higher defence spending

    The UK government has committed to raise spending on defence as a share of gross domestic product over the next decade. This briefing looks at the potential economic effects of higher defence spending. Higher defence spending could boost economic activity in the short and long run. However, the size of any gains will depend on several factors, including the broader economic context and how additional defence spending is financed.

  • In Focus

    Defence spending, NATO and nuclear weapons in 1985

    The strategic defence review, published in June 2025, described a new era of threat and challenge to the UK. Set against a backdrop of difficult economic conditions, the government has set the ambition of spending 3 percent of GDP on defence in the next parliament. This briefing looks back 40 years to a Lords debate on 1985’s defence estimates, a debate in which members raised points that echo some of today’s political choices.

  • In Focus

    Strategic defence review 2025

    The ‘Strategic defence review 2025’ (SDR) was published on 2 June 2025. Contending that the UK faces a generational defence and security challenge, the SDR makes 62 recommendations across the armed forces and wider society to meet this threat. The government has pledged to implement all those recommendations. However, critics question where the resources to meet the requirements of the SDR will come from, despite government pledges to raise defence spending levels.

  • In Focus

    UK-Mauritius treaty on the Chagos Archipelago

    The Chagos Archipelago has been the subject of a long-standing dispute over its sovereignty between the UK and Mauritius. Having been retained by the UK since 1965, the largest island, Diego Garcia, later became the site of a joint UK-US military base. In May 2025, the UK reached an agreement to transfer sovereignty of the islands back to Mauritius, while maintaining an initial 99-year lease of Diego Garcia. The agreement also includes security and financial provisions.

  • In Focus

    End of the second world war: 80th anniversary

    2025 marks the 80th anniversary of Victory in Europe Day and Victory over Japan Day, events which in 1945 brought an end to the second world war. On those days 80 years ago, celebrations erupted across Britain. However, world leaders and domestic politicians were aware of the numerous problems still to be tackled, such as reconstruction, demobilisation and the legacy of the development and use of the atomic bomb.

  • In Focus

    Equality in death? The Commonwealth War Graves Commission

    On 8 May 2025, the country will mark the 80th anniversary of VE Day, the end of the second world war in Europe. Many of the commemorations will take place in cemeteries where those who died during the conflict are remembered. This briefing focuses on the organisation behind these cemeteries, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It looks at how the commission developed and recent work on one of its key principles: equality in death.

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