The government established a taskforce in July 2024 to develop a strategy to reduce child poverty in the UK. Published in December 2025, the strategy included a combination of previously implemented and new policies. While charities, think tanks and other groups generally welcomed the strategy, particularly the removal of the two-child universal credit limit and extension of free school meals, some argued for further reforms to the social security system.
The UK’s low and declining birth rate, alongside increasing life expectancy, is contributing to population ageing. This has raised concerns about potential effects on the size of the workforce, demand for public services and economic growth. This briefing considers these issues and sets out the government’s response to such concerns.
In October 2025, the House of Lords Public Services Committee published a report on reforming the Child Maintenance Service (CMS). It said several key areas must be improved to enable the CMS to work more effectively. The government accepted some recommendations and rejected others. The committee said it was pleased about certain actions the government had taken but it was disappointed by the lack of progress made in many areas.
In Focus
The House of Lords Committee on the Autism Act 2009 called for the government to urgently develop a new autism strategy, tackling “persistent inequalities” experienced by autistic people in education, health, work, criminal justice and the community. The government has since commissioned an independent review into mental health conditions, autism and ADHD, launched a call for evidence to inform a mental health strategy, and announced a special educational needs reform bill.
In Focus
The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 regulates in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and human embryo research in the UK. Recently, there have been calls for reform to reflect changes in societal attitudes and scientific developments since the act was last updated in 2008. The government has said it is considering recommendations made by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the sector’s independent regulator.
In Focus
Over 81,000 children are currently looked after by local authorities in England, with approximately 9,500 in secure homes and children’s homes. Increasing demand, a high number of placements outside a local authority’s boundaries and the growing cost of providing care have led to calls for reform of the sector. This briefing examines the demographics of looked after children and what can be done to improve the current system.
In Focus
Local authorities and the NHS in England can provide equipment such as wheelchairs and mobility aids to people assessed as requiring support. However, several reports have highlighted problems with wheelchair and community equipment provision. Some stakeholders and parliamentarians have called on the government to do more to improve services. The government has said responsibility for commissioning and managing services lies with integrated care system bodies and local authorities.
Research Briefing
The Still-Birth (Definition) Bill [HL] would amend the legal definition of stillbirth in England and Wales to apply from 20 weeks into a pregnancy, rather than the current 24 weeks. It is scheduled to have its second reading in the House of Lords on 4 July 2025.
Research Briefing
The Children’s Wellbeing and Schools Bill is scheduled for second reading in the House of Lords on 1 May 2025. The bill would make a number of changes to children’s social care and schools.
Research Briefing
The Regulated and Other Activities (Mandatory Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse) Bill [HL] is a private member’s bill introduced by Baroness Grey-Thompson (Crossbench). It received its first reading on 29 July 2024 and is scheduled to have its second reading in the House of Lords on 17 January 2025.
Research Briefing
Currently, there is no mandatory system of registration for children who are not in school. The Home School Education Registration and Support Bill [HL] would require local authorities to maintain a register of children in its area who are of compulsory school age but are not in school. It would also require the parents of such children to provide certain information to their local authority in relation to the register.
In Focus
The hospice sector has reported it is under financial pressure, with an estimated shortfall of £60mn in the current financial year. Hospices in the UK receive around a third of their funding from government, with the rest (over £1bn a year) raised by hospices themselves. There have been calls for this funding model to be reviewed.
In Focus
While handling record demand, the social care sector in England is facing workforce, resource and funding pressures. There are also millions of people providing unpaid care. The new Labour government has announced an intention to create a ‘National Care Service’, and to improve NHS and social care integration as part of a 10-year plan for reform.
Research Briefing
This proposed law would make it a legal requirement for English local authorities to publish information about support services such as maternity and mental health services available in their area for infants, parents or carers of infants, or prospective parents or carers. This would be known as the ‘start for life offer’.
Research Briefing
This private member’s bill would expand eligibility for leave to fathers or partners who experience the death of a child’s mother, adoptive or surrogate parent.
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